Bees can 'turn back time,' reverse brain aging

Public release date: 3-Jul-2012
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Contact: Sandra Leander
sandra.leander@asu.edu
480-965-9865
Arizona State University

Brain function improvement related to change in social behavior

TEMPE, Ariz. Scientists at Arizona State University have discovered that older honey bees effectively reverse brain aging when they take on nest responsibilities typically handled by much younger bees. While current research on human age-related dementia focuses on potential new drug treatments, researchers say these findings suggest that social interventions may be used to slow or treat age-related dementia.

In a study published in the scientific journal Experimental Gerontology, a team of scientists from ASU and the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, led by Gro Amdam, an associate professor in ASU's School of Life Sciences, presented findings that show that tricking older, foraging bees into doing social tasks inside the nest causes changes in the molecular structure of their brains.

"We knew from previous research that when bees stay in the nest and take care of larvae the bee babies they remain mentally competent for as long as we observe them," said Amdam. "However, after a period of nursing, bees fly out gathering food and begin aging very quickly. After just two weeks, foraging bees have worn wings, hairless bodies, and more importantly, lose brain function basically measured as the ability to learn new things. We wanted to find out if there was plasticity in this aging pattern so we asked the question, 'What would happen if we asked the foraging bees to take care of larval babies again?"

During experiments, scientists removed all of the younger nurse bees from the nest - leaving only the queen and babies. When the older, foraging bees returned to the nest, activity diminished for several days. Then, some of the old bees returned to searching for food, while others cared for the nest and larvae. Researchers discovered that after 10 days, about 50 percent of the older bees caring for the nest and larvae had significantly improved their ability to learn new things.

Amdam's international team not only saw a recovery in the bees' ability to learn, they discovered a change in proteins in the bees' brains. When comparing the brains of the bees that improved relative to those that did not, two proteins noticeably changed. They found Prx6, a protein also found in humans that can help protect against dementia including diseases such as Alzheimer's and they discovered a second and documented "chaperone" protein that protects other proteins from being damaged when brain or other tissues are exposed to cell-level stress.

In general, researchers are interested in creating a drug that could help people maintain brain function, yet they may be facing up to 30 years of basic research and trials.

"Maybe social interventions changing how you deal with your surroundings is something we can do today to help our brains stay younger," said Amdam. "Since the proteins being researched in people are the same proteins bees have, these proteins may be able to spontaneously respond to specific social experiences."

Amdam suggests further studies are needed on mammals such as rats in order investigate whether the same molecular changes that the bees experience might be socially inducible in people.

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Public release date: 3-Jul-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Sandra Leander
sandra.leander@asu.edu
480-965-9865
Arizona State University

Brain function improvement related to change in social behavior

TEMPE, Ariz. Scientists at Arizona State University have discovered that older honey bees effectively reverse brain aging when they take on nest responsibilities typically handled by much younger bees. While current research on human age-related dementia focuses on potential new drug treatments, researchers say these findings suggest that social interventions may be used to slow or treat age-related dementia.

In a study published in the scientific journal Experimental Gerontology, a team of scientists from ASU and the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, led by Gro Amdam, an associate professor in ASU's School of Life Sciences, presented findings that show that tricking older, foraging bees into doing social tasks inside the nest causes changes in the molecular structure of their brains.

"We knew from previous research that when bees stay in the nest and take care of larvae the bee babies they remain mentally competent for as long as we observe them," said Amdam. "However, after a period of nursing, bees fly out gathering food and begin aging very quickly. After just two weeks, foraging bees have worn wings, hairless bodies, and more importantly, lose brain function basically measured as the ability to learn new things. We wanted to find out if there was plasticity in this aging pattern so we asked the question, 'What would happen if we asked the foraging bees to take care of larval babies again?"

During experiments, scientists removed all of the younger nurse bees from the nest - leaving only the queen and babies. When the older, foraging bees returned to the nest, activity diminished for several days. Then, some of the old bees returned to searching for food, while others cared for the nest and larvae. Researchers discovered that after 10 days, about 50 percent of the older bees caring for the nest and larvae had significantly improved their ability to learn new things.

Amdam's international team not only saw a recovery in the bees' ability to learn, they discovered a change in proteins in the bees' brains. When comparing the brains of the bees that improved relative to those that did not, two proteins noticeably changed. They found Prx6, a protein also found in humans that can help protect against dementia including diseases such as Alzheimer's and they discovered a second and documented "chaperone" protein that protects other proteins from being damaged when brain or other tissues are exposed to cell-level stress.

In general, researchers are interested in creating a drug that could help people maintain brain function, yet they may be facing up to 30 years of basic research and trials.

"Maybe social interventions changing how you deal with your surroundings is something we can do today to help our brains stay younger," said Amdam. "Since the proteins being researched in people are the same proteins bees have, these proteins may be able to spontaneously respond to specific social experiences."

Amdam suggests further studies are needed on mammals such as rats in order investigate whether the same molecular changes that the bees experience might be socially inducible in people.

###

---

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?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-07/asu-bc070312.php

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Apple pays $60M to settle iPad China dispute

By msnbc.com staff and news wires

And just like that, it was over (with a little help from a $60 million payment).

A Chinese court?announced Monday that Apple has paid that amount to?settle a protracted legal battle with Shenzhen Proview Technology over who owns the iPad name, ending a lawsuit that threatened to block the sale of the popular tablets?in the huge Chinese market.

"The iPad dispute resolution is ended," the Guangdong High People's Court said in a statement. "Apple Inc. has transferred $60 million to the account of the Guangdong High Court as requested in the mediation letter."?

The lawsuit had hampered some sales and delayed the launch of the new iPad in China. Prior to the launch, Proview requested Chinese authorities in scores of Chinese cities to order re-sellers to take all iPads off their shelves.

The court-mediated settlement, announced on the website of the Higher People's Court of Guangdong province, will allow Apple to get on with selling its popular tablet PC in one of its most important markets, analysts said.

"The settlement is great news for Apple. It just allows them to get on with business and stop being distracted. The new iPad has been so late to the China market that if they drag it any longer, Apple will stand to lose quite a bit more," said Teck-Zhung Wong, a Beijing-based analyst with technology research firm IDC.

Apple and Proview Technology (Shenzhen), a unit of Hong Kong-listed Proview International Holdings Ltd, have been negotiating to reach a settlement since the court conducted an initial hearing in February, after Apple appealed a lower court ruling against it.

Apple had said it bought ownership of the iPad trademark in various countries from Proview, once a global monitor maker, but the Chinese company argued the U.S. firm dealt with only one unit of Proview. A Chinese court ruled that Proview Technology (Shenzhen) owned the name in China. Proview, which registered the iPad trademark in China in 2001, tried in May to sue Apple in the United States, but that case was thrown out.

An Apple spokeswoman declined to comment on Monday.

The iPad dominates China's tablet PC market with more than 70 percent market share, though Lenovo Group Ltd's Lepads and Samsung Electronics Co Ltd's Galaxy Tabs have been gaining traction.

Apple is experiencing heady growth in Greater China - China, Hong Kong and Taiwan - with second-quarter sales in the region increasing several-fold to $7.9 billion. From the launch of the iPad in the third quarter of 2010 to March this year, Apple shipped more than 6 million iPads to mainland China, according to IDC.

For Proview - which local media had said was seeking as much as 10 billion yuan ($1.57 billion) from Apple - and its creditors, the settlement should be welcomed, some lawyers said.

The $60 million will be paid into a court-designated account and used to pay Proview's creditors, said a source familiar with the situation. In March, Taiwan's Fubon Insurance, one of several Proview creditors and a unit of Fubon Financial Holding Co Ltd, applied for bankruptcy proceedings against Proview because of $8.68 million in outstanding debt.

"The settlement fee is not bad for Proview, because although Proview owns the trademark, it was Apple, not Proview, who created the brand's value," said Chen Jihong, a Beijing-based intellectual property rights lawyer at Zhong Lun Law Firm.?

Reuters and The Associated Press contributed to this report.

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Source: http://bottomline.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/07/02/12522789-apple-pays-60m-to-settle-ipad-dispute-in-china?lite

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Researchers improve living tissues with 3-D printed vascular networks made from sugar

Researchers improve living tissues with 3-D printed vascular networks made from sugar

Monday, July 2, 2012

Researchers are hopeful that new advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine could one day make a replacement liver from a patient's own cells, or animal muscle tissue that could be cut into steaks without ever being inside a cow. Bioengineers can already make 2D structures out of many kinds of tissue, but one of the major roadblocks to making the jump to 3D is keeping the cells within large structures from suffocating; organs have complicated 3D blood vessel networks that are still impossible to recreate in the laboratory.

Now, University of Pennsylvania researchers have developed an innovative solution to this perfusion problem: they've shown that 3D printed templates of filament networks can be used to rapidly create vasculature and improve the function of engineered living tissues.

The research was conducted by a team led by postdoctoral fellow Jordan S. Miller and Christopher S. Chen, the Skirkanich Professor of Innovation in the Department of Bioengineering at Penn, along with Sangeeta N. Bhatia, Wilson Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and postdoctoral fellow Kelly R. Stevens in Bhatia's laboratory.

Their work was published in the journal Nature Materials.

Without a vascular system ? a highway for delivering nutrients and removing waste products ? living cells on the inside of a 3D tissue structure quickly die. Thin tissues grown from a few layers of cells don't have this problem, as all of the cells have direct access to nutrients and oxygen. Bioengineers have therefore explored 3D printing as a way to prototype tissues containing large volumes of living cells.

The most commonly explored techniques are layer-by-layer fabrication, or bioprinting, where single layers or droplets of cells and gel are created and then assembled together one drop at a time, somewhat like building a stack of LEGOs.

Such "additive manufacturing" methods can make complex shapes out of a variety of materials, but vasculature remains a major challenge when printing with cells. Hollow channels made in this way have structural seams running between the layers, and the pressure of fluid pumping through them can push the seams apart. More important, many potentially useful cell types, like liver cells, cannot readily survive the rigors of direct 3D bioprinting.

To get around this problem, Penn researchers turned the printing process inside out.

Rather than trying to print a large volume of tissue and leave hollow channels for vasculature in a layer-by-layer approach, Chen and colleagues focused on the vasculature first and designed free-standing 3D filament networks in the shape of a vascular system that sat inside a mold. As in lost-wax casting, a technique that has been used to make sculptures for thousands of years, the team's approach allowed for the mold and vascular template to be removed once the cells were added and formed a solid tissue enveloping the filaments.

"Sometimes the simplest solutions come from going back to basics," Miller said. "I got the first hint at this solution when I visited a Body Worlds exhibit, where you can see plastic casts of free-standing, whole organ vasculature."

This rapid casting technique hinged on the researchers developing a material that is rigid enough to exist as a 3D network of cylindrical filaments but which can also easily dissolve in water without toxic effects on cells. They also needed to make the material compatible with a 3D printer so they could make reproducible vascular networks orders of magnitude faster, and at larger scale and higher complexity, than possible in a layer-by-layer bioprinting approach.

After much testing, the team found the perfect mix of material properties in a humble material: sugar. Sugars are mechanically strong and make up the majority of organic biomass on the planet in the form of cellulose, but their building blocks are also typically added and dissolved into nutrient media that help cells grow.

"We tested many different sugar formulations until we were able to optimize all of these characteristics together," Miller said. "Since there's no single type of gel that's going to be optimal for every kind of engineered tissue, we also wanted to develop a sugar formula that would be broadly compatible with any cell type or water-based gel."

The formula they settled on ? a combination of sucrose and glucose along with dextran for structural reinforcement ? is printed with a RepRap, an open-source 3D printer with a custom-designed extruder and controlling software. An important step in stabilizing the sugar after printing, templates are coated in a thin layer of a degradable polymer derived from corn. This coating allows the sugar template to be dissolved and to flow out of the gel through the channels they create without inhibiting the solidification of the gel or damaging the growing cells nearby. Once the sugar is removed, the researchers start flowing fluid through the vascular architecture and cells begin to receive nutrients and oxygen similar to the exchange that naturally happens in the body.

The whole process is quick and inexpensive, allowing the researchers to switch with ease between computer simulations and physical models of multiple vascular configurations.

"This new platform technology, from the cell's perspective, makes tissue formation a gentle and quick journey," Chen said, "because cells are only exposed to a few minutes of manual pipetting and a single step of being poured into the molds before getting nourished by our vascular network."

The researchers showed that human blood vessel cells injected throughout the vascular networks spontaneously generated new capillary sprouts to increase the network's reach, much in the way blood vessels in the body naturally grow. The team then created gels containing primary liver cells to test whether their technique could improve their function.

When the researchers pumped nutrient-rich media through the gel's template-fashioned vascular system, the entrapped liver cells boosted their production of albumin and urea, natural components of blood and urine, respectively, which are important measures of liver-cell function and health. There was also clear evidence of increased cell survival around the perfused vascular channels.

And theoretical modeling of nutrient transport in these perfused gels showed a striking resemblance to observed cell-survival patterns, opening up the possibility of using live-cell data to refine computer models to better design vascular architectures.

Though these engineered tissues were not equivalent to a fully functioning liver, the researchers used cell densities that approached clinical relevance, suggesting that their printed vascular system could eventually be used to further research in lab-grown organs and organoids.

"The therapeutic window for human-liver therapy is estimated at one to 10 billion functional liver cells," Bhatia said. "With this work, we've brought engineered liver tissues orders of magnitude closer to that goal, but at tens of millions of liver cells per gel we've still got a ways to go.

"More work will be needed to learn how to directly connect these types of vascular networks to natural blood vessels while at the same time investigating fundamental interactions between the liver cells and the patterned vasculature. It's an exciting future ahead."

With promising indications that their vascular networks will be compatible with all types of cells and gels, the team believes their 3D printing method will be a scalable solution for a wide variety of cell- and tissue-based applications because all organ vasculature follows similar architectural patterns.

"Cell biologists like the idea of 3D printing to make vascularized tissues in principle, but they would need to have an expert in house and highly specialized equipment to even attempt it," Miller said. "That's no longer the case; we've made these sugar-based vascular templates stable enough to ship to labs around the world."

Beyond integrating well with the world of tissue engineering, the researchers' work epitomizes the philosophy that drives much of the open source 3D printing community.

"We launched this project from innovations rooted in RepRap and MakerBot technology and their supporting worldwide communities," Miller said. "A RepRap 3D printer is a tiny fraction of the cost of commercial 3D printers, and, more important, its open-source nature means you can freely modify it. Many of our additions to the project are already in the wild."

Several of the custom parts of the RepRap printer the researchers used to make the vascular templates were printed in plastic on another RepRap. Miller will teach a class on building and using these types of printers at a workshop this summer and will continue tinkering with his own designs.

"We want to redesign the printer from scratch and focus it entirely on cell biology, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications," Miller said.

###

University of Pennsylvania: http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews

Thanks to University of Pennsylvania for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/121396/Researchers_improve_living_tissues_with___D_printed_vascular_networks_made_from_sugar

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Spain, Italy rematch in historic Euro 2012 final

Italy's Mario Balotelli, right, stands alongside teammate Antonio Cassano during a training session ahead of Sunday's Euro 2012 soccer championship final between Spain and Italy in Kiev, Ukraine, Saturday, June 30, 2012. (AP Photo/Jon Super)

Italy's Mario Balotelli, right, stands alongside teammate Antonio Cassano during a training session ahead of Sunday's Euro 2012 soccer championship final between Spain and Italy in Kiev, Ukraine, Saturday, June 30, 2012. (AP Photo/Jon Super)

Italy's Mario Balotelli talks with coach Cesare Prandelli, right, during the Euro 2012 soccer championship semifinal match between Germany and Italy in Warsaw, Poland, Thursday, June 28, 2012. (AP Photo/Vadim Ghirda)

In this handout image provided by UEFA Spain's Xavi Hernandez, left, and Spain goalkeeper Iker Casillas talk to the media during a Euro 2012 soccer championship press conference at the Olympic Stadium in Kiev, Ukraine, Saturday, June 30, 2012, on the eve of the final between Spain and Italy. (AP Photo/UEFA via Getty Images)

In this handout image provided by UEFA Spain coach Vicente del Bosque talks to the media during a Euro 2012 soccer championship press conference at the Olympic Stadium in Kiev, Ukraine, Saturday, June 30, 2012, on the eve of the final between Spain and Italy. (AP Photo/UEFA via Getty Images)

KIEV, Ukraine (AP) ? And so they meet again at Euro 2012.

This time, however, Spain and Italy are playing for the European Championship and a place in the history books.

The Mediterranean rivals meet Sunday in Kiev's Olympic Stadium, three weeks after they drew 1-1 in their opening match of the tournament's group stage.

As the defending champion and World Cup holder, Spain is bidding to win a third straight major title, cementing its place as one of the greatest national teams. It would also match Germany's record of three European Championship titles.

Only the unpredictable Mario Balotelli and a surprising Italy team ? orchestrated by Andrea Pirlo ? stand between Spain and what many see as its destiny.

Even Italy coach Cesare Prandelli reckons that Spain is the best bet to lift the trophy.

"At the moment, even if I open my eyes, I am still dreaming," Prandelli said after his side's 2-1 victory over Germany in the semifinals, when Balotelli scored both goals.

"Spain remain favorites because of the years of hard work that they have put in. They have been dominant in every game they've played so far."

Spain hasn't lost in a European Championship since 2004 and has already matched West Germany as the only defending champion to return to the final after winning the World Cup. The West Germans managed it in 1976, but subsequently lost to Czechoslovakia following Antonin Panenka's famous chip shot in a penalty shootout.

This final brings together teams with players brazen enough to have successfully copied Panenka's audacious spot kick during their penalty shootouts in the knockout rounds. Spain defender Sergio Ramos used it in the semifinal win over Portugal, after Pirlo employed it against England in the quarterfinals.

It also features the tournament's best defensive team against one of its most exciting attacking squads.

Spain has not conceded a goal since that opening draw with Italy and hasn't been scored upon in nine elimination games at major tournaments. Balotelli, Antonio Cassano and Pirlo are leading one of Italy's top attacking teams in recent history.

"We always just tried to play, I think that is our strength," said Prandelli, whose team is bidding to give Italy its second European title, the same number as Spain and France.

"When we started off at this tournament, we were convinced that by working in a certain way we could become a proper team ? not just a quality team, but also a team with the right spirit."

Though Balotelli's selection had been in doubt due to troubles both on and off the pitch at Manchester City, the 21-year-old Italian of Ghanaian descent has scored three times at Euro 2012.

"I waited a long time for this moment, especially because my mother came all the way here and I wanted to make her happy," he said after the victory over Germany.

"This is the greatest evening of my life, but I hope Sunday will be even better," added the striker, who has a chance to finish as the tournament's top scorer with one more goal.

"For the final my father is coming, too," he added. "So I hope to score . . ."

Along with their players, the Azzurri also have an encouraging statistic on their side: Spain hasn't beaten Italy in a competitive match that didn't end in penalties since 1920.

Spain's attack has featured a rotating cast of forwards, with attacking midfielder Cesc Fabregas usually being preferred to striker Fernando Torres. On Sunday, coach Vicente del Bosque is likely to repeat the 4-6 formation he first deployed against Italy on June 10.

Substitutes Pedro Rodriguez and Jesus Navas have had impressive tournaments, and Del Bosque certainly values the contribution of players who don't feel slighted by being on the bench.

"When you send out a substitute who is upset it always makes things more difficult. When you send out a player who is happy and ready to play one minute if that's what's needed, that is very important," said Del Bosque, who can match West Germany's Helmut Schoen as the only coaches to have won a European Championship and a World Cup.

Del Bosque admitted that Portugal not only made Spain look sloppy for over an hour, but had taken his players "to the limit."

However, his team's extra day of rest compared to the Azzurri will help with preparations, while Italy is keeping an eye on any injury problems after Balotelli came off in the second half against Germany due to cramps.

"We're proud of what we are doing and, of course, we hope to achieve what no one else has done before," Del Bosque said, before touching on what victory would mean with an economic crisis back home.

"It would be good for everyone, for Spanish football and for our country."

___

Paul Logothetis can be reached at: www.twitter.com/PaulLogoAP

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/347875155d53465d95cec892aeb06419/Article_2012-07-01-SOC-Euro-2012-Final/id-d1187e264c6a48a193031dedd4246d8c

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BET Awards 2012: Jay-Z, Beyonce, Kanye West Dominate

It was a stellar night for hip hop's grand husband and wife Beyonce and Jay-Z at the 2012 BET Awards on Sunday. Held in Los Angeles, the annual awards show honored the couple as well as their pal (and collaborator) Kanye West, Nicki Minaj and a slate of other performers.

Source: http://www.ivillage.com/bet-awards-2012-jay-z-beyonce-kanye-west-dominate/1-a-469751?dst=iv%3AiVillage%3Abet-awards-2012-jay-z-beyonce-kanye-west-dominate-469751

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3DS Mod - A HowTo Guidebook For Concrete Repair

Concrete is a terrific surface for sidewalks, driveways, plus patios; though, most homeowners know all to perfectly the problems that surround it. Overtime, many people are expected to see holes, splits, chips, plus aspects of broken concrete. The causes of these issues most commonly include general wear plus tear; though, bad weather might be to blame too. Whatever the issue with a cement surface, repairs are essential for safety factors. For most homeowners, the 1st choice is to employ a professional contractor, however this can be a big plus costly hassle. Instead, you can take some time to understand do-it-yourself concrete repair; youre amazed how long plus money you conserve.

Do-it-yourself cement pair is a fairly easy procedure to discover plus it is very inexpensive. For a traditional sized sidewalk, driveway, or deck, you are looking at a issue that could be finished inside one weekend. The materials needed for repairs simple to find at nearby home improvement plus hardware shops. When buying the provides oneself, you steer clear of the markups typically charged by companies plus you eliminate costly work costs. Small repairs, such as a easy crack or perhaps a small nick, will likely not need much money.

For those above said small repairs, only a limited amount of provides are essential. All that you want is h2o plus cement. For cement crack repair s, merely moisten the location and use grout to the affected location. The final step is to let it dry completely; never touch or walk about the location when drying. The end happen is a small, easy fix that only took about an hours value of your time at a especially affordable expense.

Examples of greater repairs include big splits, holes, plus big chips; of these, you need to smooth the location 1st plus remove any older concrete plus fill the location to give you a leveled surface to benefit. For this type of project, you will want gravel plus hand-tools, that may be found at hardware or home improvement shops. Once you may have a leveled surface to benefit, the steps are extremely such as small repairs. Start by acquiring the location moist and use cement on it. The surface ought to be smooth and permitted to dry; within this time it should not be exposed to any foot traffic.

If left untreated you might receive a extreme problem; these are best treated by fixing holes and creating an overlay or perhaps a unique surface mixture for the whole cement location. With a large location to fix, very first thought might be to call about a contractor; dont do it considering you can nevertheless conserve time plus money by doing the repairs oneself. Once you get to work, you might observe easy a cement fix is. In very little as 1 weekend, you can get an appealing deck, sidewalk, or driveway.

Tags: cement crack repair, concrete crack repair

This entry was posted on Sunday, July 1st, 2012 and is filed under Uncategorized. You can follow any responses to this entry through RSS 2.0. Both comments and pings are currently closed.

Source: http://3dsmod.net/index.php/2012/07/a-howto-guidebook-for-concrete-repair-46/

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Rihanna's Grandmother Dies of Cancer; Chris Brown Tweets Condolences

Chris Brown disses Drake on his new remix track following their nightclub brawl, but he's still got nothing but love when it comes to ex-girlfriend Rihanna.

Rih is dealing with the death of her beloved grandmother, Ciara "Dolly" Brathwaite, in recent days, and has posted touching tweets and photos of her.

"Goodbye #grangranDOLLY get your beauty rest until I see you," she wrote.

Brathwaite died of cancer late last week, and in the wake of the passing of "Gran Gran Dolly", Brown posted a nice Tweet about Rihanna's grandma.

"Praying for family and the lost loved one. She was like my grandmother. Love you GRAN GRAN DOLLY! RIP," said the 23-year-old R&B star.

Brown's mom, Joyce Hawkins, shared similar sentiments.

"@rihanna ANGEL MAY GOD BE WITH YOU AND YOUR FAMILY IN YOUR TIME OF SORROW. LOVE YOU ANGEL," Hawkins tweeted Saturday as well.

Clearly, Brown was once close to the singer and her family. Of course, Rihanna unfollowed Chris awhile back so it's unclear if she's seen this.

Maybe he can mention it at their next hotel rendezvous.

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2012/07/rihanna-grandmother-dies-chris-brown-tweets-condolences/

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